The INSP’s 2nd Summer Academy on Philanthropy was held from 26–29 August in Bologna, Italy, in conjunction with the EFC and Masters in International Studies in Philanthropy at the University of Bologna. The Academy was attended by 33 participants, mostly from Europe but also from the US, most of whom were programme officers and executive directors. As with the 1st Academy last year in London, more applications were received than could be accepted.